Green Building Technologies: Engineering Sustainable Architecture for the Future

Meera Iyer

International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation

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Perspective Article - International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation ( 2025) Volume 11, Issue 1

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Green Building Technologies: Engineering Sustainable Architecture for the Future

Meera Iyer^*

Department of Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Zenith School of Engineering, Pune, India

^*Corresponding Author:
Meera Iyer, Department of Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Zenith School of Engineering, Pune, India, Email: bhatt.soundrya@gmail.com

Received: 01-Mar-2025, Manuscript No. irjesti-25-169527; Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2025, Pre QC No. irjesti-25-169527(PQ); Reviewed: 17-Mar-2025, QC No. irjesti-25-169527; Revised: 21-Mar-2025, Manuscript No. irjesti-25-169527(R); Published: 28-Mar-2025

Abstract

Green building technologies focus on minimizing environmental impact while enhancing occupant health, comfort, and energy efficiency. As urbanization accelerates, buildings account for a significant portion of global energy consumption and carbon emissions. Engineers and architects are adopting innovative materials, design strategies, and renewable energy systems to create sustainable built environments. From passive solar design to advanced energy management systems, green building practices address both construction and operational phases. This article explores key technologies, their engineering principles, applications, and the challenges in scaling green building adoption globally.

INTRODUCTION

Green building technologies focus on minimizing environmental impact while enhancing occupant health, comfort, and energy efficiency (BeLue R et al., 2016). As urbanization accelerates, buildings account for a significant portion of global energy consumption and carbon emissions. Engineers and architects are adopting innovative materials, design strategies, and renewable energy systems to create sustainable built environments (Salama MS et al., 2021). From passive solar design to advanced energy management systems, green building practices address both construction and operational phases. This article explores key technologies, their engineering principles, applications, and the challenges in scaling green building adoption globally (Li J et al., 2018).

DESCRIPTION

Green buildings incorporate features such as high-performance insulation, low-emissivity windows, and energy-efficient HVAC systems (Cannata F et al., 2020). Renewable energy sources, like Photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar water heaters, reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Rainwater harvesting systems and greywater recycling minimize freshwater use (Al-Rasheedi AAS 2014). Smart Building Management Systems (BMS) monitor and optimize lighting, temperature, and energy consumption in real time. Materials such as Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) and recycled steel lower embodied carbon (Dong Q et al., 2019). Certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) set standards and benchmarks for sustainable construction.

DISCUSSION

Engineering green buildings requires integrating sustainability principles from the design stage through construction and operation (American Diabetes A 2019). Passive design strategies—such as building orientation, shading devices, and natural ventilation—reduce reliance on mechanical systems. Renewable energy integration can achieve net-zero energy performance, but high upfront costs remain a barrier (Saeedi P et al., 2019). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools help evaluates the environmental impact of materials and systems. Advances in IoT and AI allow predictive maintenance and energy optimization, further improving building performance (Barkai L et al., 2019). However, challenges include limited awareness among stakeholders, lack of skilled professionals, and regional variations in building codes. Retrofitting existing buildings poses additional engineering challenges, often requiring creative solutions to integrate sustainable systems without major structural modifications (Omar SM et al., 2018). Governments can accelerate adoption through incentives, subsidies, and stricter environmental regulations. As climate change impacts intensify, green building technologies will become essential rather than optional.

CONCLUSION

Green building technologies represent a critical pathway toward reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable urban development. Through innovative engineering, these systems enhance efficiency, comfort, and resilience. While cost and regulatory challenges exist, growing environmental awareness and technological advancements are driving adoption. The continued evolution of materials, renewable integration, and smart management systems will define the next generation of sustainable architecture.