Farah Nadeem
Clinical trials are the cornerstone of evidence-based
medicine, providing a structured framework to evaluate the
safety, efficacy, and optimal use of new drugs before their
introduction into clinical practice. They bridge the gap
between preclinical research and real-world therapeutic
application by systematically testing hypotheses under
controlled conditions. In pharmacology, clinical trials
ensure that the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
and therapeutic profiles of new agents are thoroughly
understood. With increasing complexity in diseases and
therapeutic modalities, trial designs have evolved to include
adaptive protocols, biomarker-driven patient selection, and
digital monitoring technologies. Regulatory authorities,
such as the FDA, EMA, and WHO, set stringent guidelines
to protect participants while ensuring scientific integrity.
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