The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which eventually leads to a cellular response is known as signal transduction. Although the term "sensor" is used in some instances, the term "receptor" is more commonly used to refer to proteins that are in charge of detecting stimuli (Hlavacek et al., 2006). A biochemical cascade is a series of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway that is triggered by ligand binding (also known as "signal sensing").
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