+44 3308180992Moges Demes*, Nega Berhane, Aragaw Zemene
Antibiotic resistance, which can be caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, is an emerging global public problem that poses a serious human health problem. Medicinal plants are considered one of the most important alternatives for producing antibiotics used to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects of Psidium guajava and Melia azedarach against selected clinically and standard pathogenic bacteria. Plant leaves were collected from University of Gondar, Tewodros Campus, air-dried at room temperature, powdered, soaked in methanol, ethanol and chloroform solvents in separate flasks and shaken on a rotary shaker (150 rpm) for 3 days. Antibacterial efficacy was tested individually and in combination against three clinically isolated and standard bacterial species, i.e., S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E.coli (ATCC 25922), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) were tested using the agar well diffusionmethod. Leaf extracts with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations(MBC) ranging from 1.56 to 50 mg/ml were analyzed using the broth dilution method. The phytochemicalconstituents and functional groups of the extract were then identified. The results of this study showed that thesynergistic effect showed significant antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. A maximum zone ofinhibition (31.67 ± 2.08) was recorded at P=0.05 from a methanol extract of Psidium guajava againstStaphylococcus aureus (clinical). A minimal zone of inhibition (4.33 ± 1.52) was determined from the chloroformextract against E. coli clinical. Minimum (6.25 mg/mL) and maximum (50 mg/mL) MIC values were recordedfrom ethanol and chloroform extracts against clinical E. coli and S. aureus in P. guajava extracts, respectively.Similarly, the lowest (3.12 mg/ml) and highest (50 mg/ml) were registered in E. coli and S. aureus clinical in M.azedarach. Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, includingterpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, that may be responsible for antibacterialactivity. This study demonstrated the in vitro antibacterial activity of plants used in folk medicine. The utility ofthese plants should be confirmed by further phytochemical and toxicological analyses. This study recommends invivo testing of the extract and its structure elucidation.
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