Stephen Oriaifo, Nicholas Oriaifo, Esther Okogbenin, Eric Omogbai
The prevalence of diabetes and co-morbid disease s, especially in developing countries, may have already exceeded estimates. Accumulating reports indicate considerable underpinnings in the mechanisms of the aetiopathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, bipolar disorder, epilepsy and, recently, substance addiction. Continuing evidence incrim inates dysfunction in genetic, mitochondrial and inflammatory cascade mechanisms as contributory f actors to the dysregulation of neurotrophic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, glutamatergi c, GABAergic and autophagic pathways. There may also be co-incident dysregulation of the globa l anti-oxidant network, the endogenous digitalis system, the vasopressin signalling and the hypothalamo-p ituitary-adrenal axis.
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